Commercial and industrial implication of the variability of oil and protein content and of the nut and
kernel physical traits of almond in Mediterranean climates
The fruit physical traits and the chemical composition were determined for 11 almond cultivars grown
in two different regions: Zaragoza (Spain) and Meknès (Morocco). Independently of the variability among
cultivars for all traits measured, the year effect was significant for all physical traits except for kernel thickness.
The location effect was significant for all physical traits except for fruit length and sphericity, kernel
length and width, and kernel percentage. The physical quality of the kernels produced in Zaragoza
was higher that that of the kernels produced in Meknès, probably because of the different growing system
and the environmental conditions, more extreme in Meknès. These results show that adequate growing
conditions favour the increase of traits leading to increased physical quality of nuts and kernels. The cultivar
and the location effects were significant for the contents of oil and protein. The environmental
and growing conditions of Zaragoza led to a higher oil accumulation, whereas those of Meknès to
a higher protein accumulation. These results indicate that the industrial utilization of the different almond
cultivars does not only depend on the cultivar, but also on the environmental and growing conditions,
a fact to be considered when marketing the production of the different growing regions.
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