This work was carried out in Buenavista Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico, with the objective of estimating the heterosis and heterobeltiosis of hybrids of chile, for greenhouse production.
The plant material used was: chili Jalapeño Mitla, creole Mirador and chili Tampiqueño 74 as female, five cultivars of chili peppers: UANRd, UANYw, UANOg, UANCn and UANShw as male progenitors. The obtained hybrids and their progenitors were cultivated under a randomized complete block experimental design with three replicates. Those variables were estimated; total yield of fruit, fruits per plant, average fruit weight, ascorbic acid content, total carotenoids, capsaicin content, flowering days, harvest days and plant height. Analysis of variance showed significant differences (P<0.01) between hybrids and progenitors in all studied variables. In total yield of fruit, the P1xP5 hybrid exceeded the average of the female progenitors by 333% and the male progenitors by 159%, while the P2xP6 exceeded the average fruits per plant of the female progenitors by 104% and by 725% on the mean of Male progenitors. The male parents presented more ascorbic acid content and total carotenoids, while the females had the highest content of capsaicin. The hybrids formed had intermediate amounts in ascorbic acid and capsaicin. Therefore, it is concluded that the obtained hybrids present outstanding performance and quality characteristics for their greenhouse production despite the results have to be confirmed in further trials.
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