The fruit physical traits and the chemical composition were determined for 11 almond cultivars grown in two different regions: Zaragoza (Spain) and Meknès (Morocco). Independently of the variability among cultivars for all traits measured, the year effect was significant for all physical traits except for kernel thickness. The location effect was significant for all physical traits except for fruit length and sphericity, kernel length and width, and kernel percentage. The physical quality of the kernels produced in Zaragoza was higher that that of the kernels produced in Meknès, probably because of the different growing system and the environmental conditions, more extreme in Meknès. These results show that adequate growing conditions favour the increase of traits leading to increased physical quality of nuts and kernels. The cultivar and the location effects were significant for the contents of oil and protein. The environmental and growing conditions of Zaragoza led to a higher oil accumulation, whereas those of Meknès to a higher protein accumulation. These results indicate that the industrial utilization of the different almond cultivars does not only depend on the cultivar, but also on the environmental and growing conditions, a fact to be considered when marketing the production of the different growing regions.