Soil erosion is an environmental problem of first magnitude, affecting crop productivity. Therefore this paper analyzes the main economic factors that determine the adoption of soil conservation practices in olive groves with high levels of erosivity. Also it explores the variables that explain the participation of surveyed farmers in the European Union agri-environmental programme on the fight against soil erosion. According to the estimation of several models is found that the probability of adoption of multiple conservation practices increases with the surface and the plantation age. While the participation in the agri-environmental schemes decreases with lower payments.