Censuses of goat population in Spain and in Andalusia are given, together with a brief description of those systems of herd management prevailing in this region. Milk recording scheme is described and the influence of managerial conditions on record's reliability is discussed. The selection scheme adopted by the breeders Association of the Murciano‑Granadina and the Malagueña breeds is presented in terms of the selection objectives, methods applied for predicting breeding values and organisation. Present constrains to the development of these selection programs are discussed. Finally, some results are presented of research being in progress on the genetic polymorphism of caseins and its use as selection criteria.