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Performance of some clonal apple rootstocks in Girona and Lleida (Catalonia NE-Spain) with special reference to fruit quality


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Authors: J. Bonany, J. Carbó, M. Casals, I. Iglesias, R. Montserrat
Issue: 99V-1 (123-131)
Topic: Plant Production
Keywords: Rootstock, apple, vigour, yield, productivity, fruit size, fruit quality
Summary:

Dense plantings require usage of dwarfing rootstocks, specially under southern climate and deep and fertile irrigated soils. Under these circumstances, even M9 widely used in modern plantings confere an excessive vigour to the scion cultivars. In the trials planted in 1994 in I RTA-E.E.A. Mas Badia (Girona) and in 1995 in IRTA-EE Lleida, 10 and 14 rootstocks, respectively, have been evaluated. M9 EMLA, M9 T337 NAKB, JTE-E, JTE-F, JTE-G, JTE-H, Budagovsky-9, P-16, P-22 and M-27 grafted with 'Golden Reinders', have been evaluated in Girona; in addition to them, M9-Pajam®1 , M9-Pajarn®2, Mac®9 and MM 106, all of them with 'Golden Smoothee' have been evaluated in Lleida. JTE-H and MM-106 have been the most vigorous and M-27, JTE-F, P-16 and JTE-G the weakest roostocks. Regarding productivity, highest index have been obtained on JTE-G and P-16 rootstocks; MM-106 and JTE-H, have been the rootstocks with the lowest productivity. Fruit size has been smaller on M-27, Mac ®9 and JTE-F than on M9 selections. P-22 and Mac®9 have been the most sensitive to presence of suckering, and JTE-G the least sensitive, even less than M-9 selections. Presence of burrknoots has been high on JTE-H, Mac®9 and P-22 as compared to P-16 and JTE-G. Fruit quality characteristics, specially ripeness of fruits, has been affected directly by rootstocks. Weakest rootstocks as M-27, P-22 and P-16 tend to advance ripening, as compared to the vigorous ones as JTE-H, MM 106, M9 EMLA and M9 NAKB. If this factor is not taken into account, apple quality characteristics will be penalized, specially on reducing fruit firmness.

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